\def\strichr#1{\newcount\c\c=#1\multiply\c by2\advance\c by1 {\thicklines\put(0,0){\line(0,1){\c}}}% \multiput(3,3)(0,2){#1}{\mt{-3}{-3}\pp{0}{0}}% \mt{3}{1}\pp{1.5}{0}\mt{1}{\c}\advance\c by-1\pp{0}{\c}} \newcommand{\upr}{\mbox{\scriptsize óïð}} \newsavebox{\pruzR}\sbox{\pruzR}{% \noindent\begin{picture}(2,2)(0,0)% \mt{0}{0}\pp{3}{0}\pp{4.5}{-1.5}\special{em:linewidth 0.8pt}% \pp{6}{1.5}\special{em:linewidth 0.1pt}% \pp{7.5}{-1.5}\special{em:linewidth 0.8pt}% \pp{9}{1.5}\special{em:linewidth 0.1pt}% \pp{10.5}{-1.5}\special{em:linewidth 0.8pt}% \pp{12}{1.5}\special{em:linewidth 0.1pt}% \pp{12}{0}\pp{13}{0}{\thicklines\put(13,-3){\line(0,1){6.4}}} \multiput(13.0,-3.0)(0,1.6){3}{\mt{0}{0}\pp{3.2}{3.2}}% \mt{14.6}{-3.0}\pp{16.2}{-1.4}% \mt{13.0}{ 1.8}\pp{14.6}{3.4}% \mt{16.0}{-3.0}\pp{16.2}{-2.8}% \put(5,3.5){\small $c_2$}\end{picture}} \newsavebox{\pruzL}\sbox{\pruzL}{% \noindent\begin{picture}(2,2)(0,0)% \mt{0}{0}\pp{-4}{0}\pp{-6}{-1.5}\special{em:linewidth 0.8pt}% 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\pp{13}{-1.5}\special{em:linewidth 0.8pt}% \pp{15}{1.5}\special{em:linewidth 0.1pt}% \pp{16}{0}\pp{18}{0}\end{picture}} \newcommand{\toll}[1]{\special{em:linewidth #1pt}}% \newcommand{\tl}{\special{em:linewidth 0.1pt}}% \def\strichd#1{\newcount\c\c=#1\multiply\c by2\advance\c by1 {\thicklines\put(0,0){\line(1,0){\c}}}% \multiput(3,0)(2,0){#1}{\mt{-3}{-3}\pp{0}{0}}% \mt{0}{-1}\pp{1}{0}\mt{\c}{-2}\advance\c by-1\pp{\c}{-3}} \newsavebox{\OsnvnForCil}\sbox{\OsnvnForCil}{% \noindent\begin{picture}(2,2)(0,0)% {\thicklines\put(0,0){\line(1,0){24}}} \multiput(3.2,0.0)(1.6,0){14}{\mt{-3.2}{-3.2}\pp{0}{0}}% \mt{1.6}{0.0}\pp{0.0}{-1.6}% \mt{24.0}{-1.60}\pp{22.4}{-3.2}% \mt{24.0}{-3.04}\pp{23.8}{-3.2}% \end{picture}} %hing!% \newsavebox{\hing}\sbox{\hing}{% \noindent\begin{picture}(2,2)(0,0)% \put(0,0){\circle{ 3}}\special{em:linewidth 0.5pt}% \Blue{\mt{-3}{-5}\pp{-1}{-1}\mt{3}{-5}\pp{1}{-1}}\special{em:linewidth 0.1pt}% {\thicklines\put(-5,-5){\line(1,0){9.6}}} \multiput(-1.8,-5.0)(1.6,0){5}{\mt{-3.2}{-3.2}\pp{0}{0}}% \mt{-3.4}{-5.0}\pp{-5.0}{-6.6}% \mt{4.6}{-6.60}\pp{3.0}{-8.2}% \mt{4.6}{-8.04}\pp{4.4}{-8.2}% \end{picture}} %hing!% \newsavebox{\slblockh}\sbox{\slblockh}{% \noindent\begin{picture}(2,2)(0,0)% \OliveGreen{\special{em:linewidth 0.5pt}% \mt{-5.5}{-2.75}\pp{5.5}{-2.75}\mt{5.5}{-2.75}\pp{5.5}{2.75}\mt{5.5}{2.75}\pp{-5.5}{2.75}\mt{-5.5}{2.75}\pp{-5.5}{-2.75}}\special{em:linewidth 0.1pt}% \put(-8,4.5){\line(1,0){16}} {\thicklines\put(-8,-4.5){\line(1,0){16}}} \multiput(-4.8,-4.5)(1.6,0){9}{\mt{-3.2}{-3.2}\pp{0}{0}}% \mt{-6.4}{-4.5}\pp{-8.0}{-6.1}% \mt{8.0}{-6.10}\pp{6.4}{-7.7}% \mt{8.0}{-7.54}\pp{7.8}{-7.7}% \put(0,0){\circle{ 3}}\end{picture}} \newsavebox{\slblockv}\sbox{\slblockv}{% \noindent\begin{picture}(2,2)(0,0)% \OliveGreen{\special{em:linewidth 0.5pt}% \mt{-2.75}{-5.5}\pp{2.25}{-5.5}\mt{2.25}{-5.5}\pp{2.25}{5.5}\mt{2.25}{5.5}\pp{-2.75}{5.5}\mt{-2.75}{5.5}\pp{-2.75}{-5.5}}\special{em:linewidth 0.1pt}% \put(-4.5,-8){\line(0,1){16}} {\thicklines\put(4,-8){\line(0,1){16}}} \multiput(4.0,-8.0)(0,1.6){9}{\mt{0}{0}\pp{3.2}{3.2}}% \mt{5.6}{-8.0}\pp{7.2}{-6.4}% \mt{4.0}{ 6.4}\pp{5.6}{8.0}% \mt{7.0}{-8.0}\pp{7.2}{-7.8}% \put(0,0){\circle{ 3}}\end{picture}} \newsavebox{\slblockvl}\sbox{\slblockvl}{% \noindent\begin{picture}(2,2)(0,0)% \OliveGreen{\special{em:linewidth 0.5pt}% \mt{-2.75}{-7.5}\pp{2.25}{-7.5}\mt{2.25}{-7.5}\pp{2.25}{7.5}\mt{2.25}{7.5}\pp{-2.75}{7.5}\mt{-2.75}{7.5}\pp{-2.75}{-7.5}}\special{em:linewidth 0.1pt}% \put(4.5,-10){\line(0,1){20}} {\thicklines\put(-4,-10){\line(0,1){19.2}}} \multiput(-4.0,-10.0)(0,1.6){11}{\mt{-3.2}{0}\pp{0}{3.2}}% \mt{-5.6}{-10.0}\pp{-4.0}{-8.4}% \mt{-7.2}{7.60}\pp{-5.6}{9.2}% \mt{-7.2}{9.04}\pp{-7.0}{9.2}% \put(0,0){\circle{ 3}}\end{picture}} \newsavebox{\umomentp}\sbox{\umomentp}{% \noindent\begin{picture}(2,2)(0,0)% \Red{\put(0,0){\oval(12,12)[t]}\put(-6,-3){\vector(0,-1){1}} }\end{picture}} \newsavebox{\umomentm}\sbox{\umomentm}{% 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\Red{\put(0,0){\oval(16,16)[l]}\put(3,-8){\vector(1,0){1}} }\end{picture}} \newsavebox{\dmomentp}\sbox{\dmomentp}{% \noindent\begin{picture}(2,2)(0,0)% \Red{\put(0,0){\oval(16,16)[b]}\put(8,4){\vector(0,1){1}} }\end{picture}} \newsavebox{\dmomentm}\sbox{\dmomentm}{% \noindent\begin{picture}(2,2)(0,0)% \Red{\put(0,0){\oval(16,16)[b]}\put(-8,2){\vector(0,1){1}} }\end{picture}} \newsavebox{\Momentp}\sbox{\Momentp}{% \noindent\begin{picture}(2,2)(0,0)% \Red{\put(0,0){\oval(20,20)[lt]}\put(-10,-2){\vector(0,-1){1}} }\end{picture}} \newsavebox{\Momentm}\sbox{\Momentm}{% \noindent\begin{picture}(2,2)(0,0)% \Red{\put(0,0){\oval(20,20)[lt]}\put(0,10){\vector(1,0){1}} }\end{picture}} \newsavebox{\MomentpLeft}\sbox{\MomentpLeft}{% \noindent\begin{picture}(2,2)(0,0)% \Red{\put(0,0){\oval(20,20)[rt]}\put(-2,10){\vector(-1,0){1}} }\end{picture}} \newsavebox{\MomentpLeftmm}\sbox{\MomentpLeftmm}{% \noindent\begin{picture}(2,2)(0,0)% \Red{\put(0,0){\oval(20,20)[rt]}\put(10,-2){\vector(0,-1){1}} }\end{picture}} \newsavebox{\bMomentpLeftm}\sbox{\bMomentpLeftm}{% \noindent\begin{picture}(2,2)(0,0)% \Red{\put(0,0){\oval(20,20)[r]}\Red{\put(-2,-10){\thicklines\vector(-1,0){1}} }}\end{picture}} \newsavebox{\bMomentpLeftp}\sbox{\bMomentpLeftp}{% \noindent\begin{picture}(2,2)(0,0)% \Red{\put(0,0){\oval(20,20)[r]}\Red{\put(-2,10){\thicklines\vector(-1,0){1}} }}\end{picture}} \newsavebox{\MomentpLeftd}\sbox{\MomentpLeftd}{% \noindent\begin{picture}(2,2)(0,0)% \Red{\put(0,0){\oval(20,20)[rb]}\put(10,1){\vector(0,1){1}} }\end{picture}} \newsavebox{\MomentpLeftm}\sbox{\MomentpLeftm}{% \noindent\begin{picture}(2,2)(0,0)% \Red{\put(0,0){\oval(20,20)[rb]}\put(-1,-10){\vector(-1,0){1}} }\end{picture}} \newsavebox{\vnpr}\sbox{\vnpr}{% \noindent\begin{picture}(2,2)(0,0)% {\thicklines\put(-2,0){\line(0,1){9.6}}}% \Blue{\multiput(-2.0,0.0)(0,1.6){5}{\mt{-3.2}{0}\pp{0}{3.2}}% \mt{-3.6}{0.0}\pp{-2.0}{1.6}% \mt{-5.2}{8.00}\pp{-3.6}{9.6}% \mt{-5.2}{9.44}\pp{-5.0}{9.6}}% {\thicklines\put(2,0){\line(0,1){9.6}}}\Blue{\multiput(2.0,0.0)(0,1.6){5}{\mt{0}{0}\pp{3.2}{3.2}}% \mt{3.6}{0.0}\pp{5.2}{1.6}% \mt{2.0}{ 8.0}\pp{3.6}{9.6}% \mt{5.0}{ 0.0}\pp{5.2}{0.2}}% \end{picture}} \newsavebox{\hnpr}\sbox{\hnpr}{% \noindent\begin{picture}(2,2)(0,0)% {\thicklines\put(0,1.6){\line(1,0){9.6}}} \multiput(0.0,1.6)(1.6,0){5}{\mt{0}{0}\pp{3.2}{3.2}}% \mt{8}{1.6}\pp{9.6}{3.2}\mt{0}{3.2}\pp{1.6}{4.8}\mt{0}{4.64}\pp{0.16}{4.8}{\thicklines\put(0,-1.6){\line(1,0){9.6}}} \multiput(3.2,-1.6)(1.6,0){5}{\mt{-3.2}{-3.2}\pp{0}{0}}% \mt{1.6}{-1.6}\pp{0.0}{-3.2}% \mt{9.6}{-3.20}\pp{8.0}{-4.8}% \mt{9.6}{-4.64}\pp{9.4}{-4.8}% \end{picture}} \newsavebox{\hosnv}\sbox{\hosnv}{% \noindent\begin{picture}(2,2)(0,0)% {\thicklines\put(0,0){\line(1,0){70.4}}}% \Blue{\multiput(3.2,0.0)(1.6,0){43}{\mt{-3.2}{-3.2}\pp{0}{0}}}% \mt{1.6}{0.0}\pp{0.0}{-1.6}% \mt{70.4}{-1.60}\pp{68.8}{-3.2}% \mt{70.4}{-3.04}\pp{70.2}{-3.2}% \end{picture}} \newsavebox{\prsv}\sbox{\prsv}{% \noindent\begin{picture}(2,2)(0,0)% {\thicklines\put(0,0){\line(0,1){16}}} \multiput(0.0,0.0)(0,1.6){9}{\mt{-3.2}{0}\pp{0}{3.2}}% \mt{-1.6}{0.0}\pp{0.0}{1.6}% \mt{-3.2}{14.40}\pp{-1.6}{16.0}% \mt{-3.2}{15.84}\pp{-3.0}{16.0}% {\thicklines\put(16,0){\line(0,1){16}}} \multiput(16.0,0.0)(0,1.6){9}{\mt{0}{0}\pp{3.2}{3.2}}% \mt{17.6}{0.0}\pp{19.2}{1.6}% \mt{16.0}{14.4}\pp{17.6}{16.0}% \mt{19.0}{ 0.0}\pp{19.2}{0.2}% \OliveGreen{\special{em:linewidth 0.5pt}% \mt{1.5}{-1}\pp{14.5}{-1}\mt{14.5}{-1}\pp{14.5}{13}\mt{14.5}{13}\pp{1.5}{13}\mt{1.5}{13}\pp{1.5}{-1}}\special{em:linewidth 0.1pt}% \end{picture}} \newsavebox{\prsh}\sbox{\prsh}{% \noindent\begin{picture}(2,2)(0,0)% {\thicklines\put(0,0){\line(1,0){16}}} \multiput(3.2,0.0)(1.6,0){9}{\mt{-3.2}{-3.2}\pp{0}{0}}% \mt{1.6}{0.0}\pp{0.0}{-1.6}% \mt{16.0}{-1.60}\pp{14.4}{-3.2}% \mt{16.0}{-3.04}\pp{15.8}{-3.2}% {\thicklines\put(0,16){\line(1,0){16}}} \multiput(0.0,16.0)(1.6,0){9}{\mt{0}{0}\pp{3.2}{3.2}}% \mt{14.4}{16}\pp{16}{17.6}\mt{0}{17.6}\pp{1.6}{19.2}\mt{0}{19.04}\pp{0.16}{19.2}\OliveGreen{\special{em:linewidth 0.5pt}% \mt{-1}{1.5}\pp{17}{1.5}\mt{17}{1.5}\pp{17}{14.5}\mt{17}{14.5}\pp{-1}{14.5}\mt{-1}{14.5}\pp{-1}{1.5}}\special{em:linewidth 0.1pt}% \end{picture}} \newsavebox{\ugr}\sbox{\ugr}{% \noindent\begin{picture}(2,2)(0,0)% \mt{0}{0}\pp{25}{25}\pp{23.5}{26.5}\pp{0}{3}\pp{-20}{23}\pp{-21.5}{21.5}\pp{0}{0}\end{picture}} \newsavebox{\holm}\sbox{\holm}{% \noindent\begin{picture}(2,2)(0,0)% \put(0,0){\oval(40,40)[t]}\end{picture}} %%%%%%%%%%%%%%% \newcommand{\sol}{\vskip3mm\Blue{{\underline{Ðåøåíèå} }}} %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %Ó¨ðô ø÷ 3 òþ÷õú \newcommand{\graff}[7]{ \arraycolsep=1pt \begin{array}{ccccc} &{\scriptstyle #4}& &{\scriptstyle #5}& \\[-6pt] #1&\longrightarrow &\longrightarrow \\[-6pt] &{\scriptstyle #6}& &{\scriptstyle #7}& \end{array} } %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %Ó¨ðô ø÷ 4 òþ÷õú \newcommand{\grafch}[9]{ \arraycolsep=1pt \begin{array}{cccccccccc} &{\scriptstyle #4}& &{\scriptstyle #5}& &{\scriptstyle #6}&\\[-6pt] #1&\longrightarrow &\longrightarrow &\longrightarrow &\\[-6pt] &{\scriptstyle #7}& &{\scriptstyle #8}& &{\scriptstyle #9}& \end{array} } %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %ãðàô \newcommand{\graf}[4]{ $\arraycolsep=1pt \begin{array}{ccc} &{\scriptstyle #3}& \\[-6pt] #1&\longrightarrow  \\[-6pt] &{\scriptstyle #4}& \end{array} $ } \newsavebox{\osnvnie}\sbox{\osnvnie}{\noindent\begin{picture}(2,2)(0,0)% {\thicklines\put(-10,-0.5){\line(1,0){20.8}}}\multiput(-6.8,-0.5)(1.6,0){12}{\mt{-3.2}{-3.2}\pp{0}{0}}% \mt{-8.4}{-0.5}\pp{-10.0}{-2.1}\mt{10.8}{-2.10}\pp{9.2}{-3.7}% \mt{10.8}{-3.54}\pp{10.6}{-3.7}\end{picture}}